Verrucofortine, a major metabolite of penicillium verrucosum var. Cyclopium, the fungus that produces the mycotoxin verrucosidin

Verrucofortine [8], an alkaloid derived from tryptophan and leucine, has been isolated from the fungus Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. The structure and absolute configuration have been established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical techniques. Its structure is unrelated to that of the other major metabolite of the organism, the highly toxic pyrone-type polyketide verrucosidin [1], which was previously reported to be a tremorgen. A second novel metabolite, normethylverrucosidin [3], has also been isolated and identified. Small quantities of several other secondary metabolites, ergosterol, cyclopenin [4], cyciopenol [5], and 3-O-methylviridicatin [6], were isolated. They are known fungal metabolites but had not previously been obtained from this fungus. Studies of verrucofortine toxicity in mice showed no apparent toxic effects at doses as high at 160 mg/kg ip.