Thiol-activated hydrogen sulfide donors antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity in respiratory syncytial virus infection

We have recently shown that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), an important cellular gaseous mediator, exerts an antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, and that exogenous H ₂ S delivered via the synthetic H ₂ S-releasing compound GYY4137 also has similar properties. In this study, we sought to extend our findings to a novel class of H ₂ S donors, thiol-activated gem-dithiol-based (TAGDDs). In an in vitro model of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, TAGDD-1 treatment significantly reduced viral replication, even when added up to six hours after infection. Using a mouse model of RSV infection, intranasal delivery of TAGDD-1 to infected mice significantly reduced viral replication and lung inflammation, markedly improving clinical disease parameters and pulmonary dysfunction, compared to vehicle treated controls. Overall our results indicate that this novel synthetic class of H ₂ S-releasing compounds exerts antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity in the context of RSV infection and represents a potential novel pharmacological approach to ameliorate viral-induced lung disease.