TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in allylamine and β-aminopropionitrile cardiovascular toxicity
T2 - Mechanisms of myocardial protection and aortic medial injury in rats
AU - Conklin, D. J.
AU - Trent, M. B.
AU - Boor, P. J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr Richard Bukoski for use of his organ baths and transducers. We thank Dr Mary Trienen Moslen for use of the rat tail cuff blood pressure system. We thank Dr Ulka Tipnis and S. Li for donation of beating myocytes. This work was supported by NIH Grant no. 26189 (Dr P.J. Boor), NIEHS Toxicology Training Grant no. ESO-7254 (Dr D.J. Conklin), and NIEHS Postdoctoral Fellowship NRSA no. F32ESO582401 (Dr D.J. Conklin).
PY - 1999/11/15
Y1 - 1999/11/15
N2 - Allylamine (AA; 3-aminopropene) and β-aminopropionitrile (βAPN) combined treatment (AA+βAPN) results in myocardial protection from AA-induced subendocardial necrosis and a rapid and extensive aortic medial smooth muscle injury in rats. To determine the mechanisms of AA+βAPN-induced vascular toxicity, cardiovascular parameters were monitored during a 10-day exposure by gavage in male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g). Water intake and urine output were measured in rats treated with water, AA (100 mg kg-1 body weight), βAPN (1 g kg-1 body weight), and AA+βAPN for 10 days in metabolic cages. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen, CO2, creatinine, hematocrit, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), and osmolality. Heart and plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase metabolic capacity (SSAO) was also measured following 1, 3 and 10 days of treatment. Following 10 day exposure to control or AA+βAPN treatment, thoracic aortic rings (~3 mm) were removed, and aortic reactivity to contractile and relaxant agonists was tested in vitro. In addition, cultured rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells or rat heart beating myocytes were exposed to various concentrations of AA and βAPN or AA metabolites and βAPN to test for synergism in vitro. Several of the changes in in vivo cardiovascular parameters were shared, both in direction and magnitude, between the AA+βAPN and the AA alone or the βAPN alone treatments. This suggests that these effects (e.g. increased water intake and urine flow, decreased hematocrit, decreased heart and plasma SSAO metabolic capacity) were dependent on an AA alone or a βAPN alone effect and were not AA+βAPN specific effects. Significant inhibition of plasma and heart SSAO metabolic capacity occurred in the βAPN alone and the AA+βAPN treatments, but not in the AA alone treatment. Aortic rings from AA+βAPN treated rats were contracted significantly less than anatomically-matched control rat aortic rings by 100 mM potassium chloride or by 10 μM norepinephrine. βAPN offered substantial protection against AA cytotoxicity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and beating myocytes, but did not alter the cytotoxicity of AA metabolites (i.e. acrolein, H2O2, or ammonia) in vascular smooth muscle cells as determined by the MTT viability assay. Overall, these data suggest that myocardial protection from AA injury that occurs in the combined AA+βAPN treatment is likely due to inhibition of plasma SSAO. This may result in an increase in the AA dose accumulation and metabolism in the aorta leading to the severe aortic medial injury. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
AB - Allylamine (AA; 3-aminopropene) and β-aminopropionitrile (βAPN) combined treatment (AA+βAPN) results in myocardial protection from AA-induced subendocardial necrosis and a rapid and extensive aortic medial smooth muscle injury in rats. To determine the mechanisms of AA+βAPN-induced vascular toxicity, cardiovascular parameters were monitored during a 10-day exposure by gavage in male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g). Water intake and urine output were measured in rats treated with water, AA (100 mg kg-1 body weight), βAPN (1 g kg-1 body weight), and AA+βAPN for 10 days in metabolic cages. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen, CO2, creatinine, hematocrit, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), and osmolality. Heart and plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase metabolic capacity (SSAO) was also measured following 1, 3 and 10 days of treatment. Following 10 day exposure to control or AA+βAPN treatment, thoracic aortic rings (~3 mm) were removed, and aortic reactivity to contractile and relaxant agonists was tested in vitro. In addition, cultured rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells or rat heart beating myocytes were exposed to various concentrations of AA and βAPN or AA metabolites and βAPN to test for synergism in vitro. Several of the changes in in vivo cardiovascular parameters were shared, both in direction and magnitude, between the AA+βAPN and the AA alone or the βAPN alone treatments. This suggests that these effects (e.g. increased water intake and urine flow, decreased hematocrit, decreased heart and plasma SSAO metabolic capacity) were dependent on an AA alone or a βAPN alone effect and were not AA+βAPN specific effects. Significant inhibition of plasma and heart SSAO metabolic capacity occurred in the βAPN alone and the AA+βAPN treatments, but not in the AA alone treatment. Aortic rings from AA+βAPN treated rats were contracted significantly less than anatomically-matched control rat aortic rings by 100 mM potassium chloride or by 10 μM norepinephrine. βAPN offered substantial protection against AA cytotoxicity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and beating myocytes, but did not alter the cytotoxicity of AA metabolites (i.e. acrolein, H2O2, or ammonia) in vascular smooth muscle cells as determined by the MTT viability assay. Overall, these data suggest that myocardial protection from AA injury that occurs in the combined AA+βAPN treatment is likely due to inhibition of plasma SSAO. This may result in an increase in the AA dose accumulation and metabolism in the aorta leading to the severe aortic medial injury. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
KW - Allylamine
KW - Aorta
KW - Heart
KW - Lathyrism
KW - Lysyl oxidase
KW - Medial injury
KW - Rat
KW - Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase
KW - Vascular toxicity
KW - β-Aminopropionitrile
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032693776&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00095-5
DO - 10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00095-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 10593505
AN - SCOPUS:0032693776
SN - 0300-483X
VL - 138
SP - 137
EP - 154
JO - Toxicology
JF - Toxicology
IS - 3
ER -