Abstract
Myelinated axons are divided into distinct membrane domains that underlie the generation and propagation of electrical impulses. Action potentials are first initiated in the axon initial segment and then regenerated at gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier. Nodes consist of polarized subdomains characterized by clusters of ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. Nodes are assembled through neuron-glia interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of node assembly and maintenance and explore their functional roles. We also highlight the emergence of nodal proteins as disease targets in nervous system disorders.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS |
Subtitle of host publication | Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience, Second Edition |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 977-993 |
Number of pages | 17 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780128144053 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780128144060 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2020 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Action potential
- Autoimmune disease
- Axoglial interactions
- Axon
- Axon initial segment
- Glia
- Ion channel
- Juxtaparanode
- Myelin
- Myelination
- Node of ranvier
- Paranodal junction
- Saltatory conduction
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Neuroscience