TY - JOUR
T1 - Spirituality as compensation for low-quality social environments in childhood among young Kenyan men
AU - Goodman, Michael L.
AU - Raimer-Goodman, Lauren
AU - Gitari, Stanley
AU - Seidel, Sarah
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Taylor & Francis.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This study explores the role of spirituality as a coping mechanism for poor social conditions in childhood, asking whether spirituality moderates poor childhood social conditions and suicide ideation, self-rated health and collective self-esteem among young Kenyan men. Measured outcomes were worse among men who recalled fewer memories of relational warmth and safety in childhood, and better among men who reported higher spirituality. Consistent with the “religion as attachment” framework, spirituality significantly moderated associations between suicide ideation, self-rated health and childhood relational warmth and safety. Contrary to expectations, the association between low childhood warmth and safety and collective self-esteem was exacerbated, rather than compensated for, by higher spirituality. We consider whether “a safe harbor” may exist for people higher in spirituality to accept and critique social arrangements, and whether such a situation might illuminate another way spirituality compensates for poor social environments.
AB - This study explores the role of spirituality as a coping mechanism for poor social conditions in childhood, asking whether spirituality moderates poor childhood social conditions and suicide ideation, self-rated health and collective self-esteem among young Kenyan men. Measured outcomes were worse among men who recalled fewer memories of relational warmth and safety in childhood, and better among men who reported higher spirituality. Consistent with the “religion as attachment” framework, spirituality significantly moderated associations between suicide ideation, self-rated health and childhood relational warmth and safety. Contrary to expectations, the association between low childhood warmth and safety and collective self-esteem was exacerbated, rather than compensated for, by higher spirituality. We consider whether “a safe harbor” may exist for people higher in spirituality to accept and critique social arrangements, and whether such a situation might illuminate another way spirituality compensates for poor social environments.
KW - Kenya
KW - Mental Health
KW - Religion as Attachment
KW - Spirituality
KW - Young Men
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105143117&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1080/00224545.2021.1909523
DO - 10.1080/00224545.2021.1909523
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85105143117
SN - 0022-4545
VL - 162
SP - 371
EP - 385
JO - Journal of Social Psychology
JF - Journal of Social Psychology
IS - 3
ER -