TY - JOUR
T1 - Simulating Surgical Skills in Animals
T2 - Systematic Review, Costs & Acceptance Analyses
AU - Bergmeister, Konstantin D.
AU - Aman, Martin
AU - Kramer, Anne
AU - Schenck, Thilo L.
AU - Riedl, Otto
AU - Daeschler, Simeon C.
AU - Aszmann, Oskar C.
AU - Bergmeister, Helga
AU - Golriz, Mohammad
AU - Mehrabi, Arianeb
AU - Hundeshagen, Gabriel
AU - Enkhbaatar, Perenlei
AU - Kinsky, Michael P.
AU - Podesser, Bruno K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Bergmeister, Aman, Kramer, Schenck, Riedl, Daeschler, Aszmann, Bergmeister, Golriz, Mehrabi, Hundeshagen, Enkhbaatar, Kinsky and Podesser.
PY - 2020/9/30
Y1 - 2020/9/30
N2 - Background: Modern surgery demands high-quality and reproducibility. Due to new working directives, resident duty hours have been restricted and evidence exists that pure on-the-job training provides insufficient exposure. We hypothesize that supplemental simulations in animal models provide a realistic training to augment clinical experiences. This study reviews surgical training models, their costs and survey results illustrating academic acceptance. Methods: Animal models were identified by literature research. Costs were analyzed from multiple German and Austrian training programs. A survey on their acceptance was conducted among faculty and medical students. Results: 915 articles were analyzed, thereof 91 studies described in-vivo animal training models, predominantly for laparoscopy (30%) and microsurgery (24%). Cost-analysis revealed single-training costs between 307€ and 5,861€ depending on model and discipline. Survey results illustrated that 69% of the participants had no experience, but 66% would attend training under experienced supervision. Perceived public acceptance was rated intermediate by medical staff and students (4.26; 1–low, 10 high). Conclusion: Training in animals is well-established and was rated worth attending in a majority of a representative cohort to acquire key surgical skills, in light of reduced clinical exposure. Animal models may therefore supplement the training of tomorrow's surgeons to overcome limited hands-on experience until virtual simulations can provide such educational tools.
AB - Background: Modern surgery demands high-quality and reproducibility. Due to new working directives, resident duty hours have been restricted and evidence exists that pure on-the-job training provides insufficient exposure. We hypothesize that supplemental simulations in animal models provide a realistic training to augment clinical experiences. This study reviews surgical training models, their costs and survey results illustrating academic acceptance. Methods: Animal models were identified by literature research. Costs were analyzed from multiple German and Austrian training programs. A survey on their acceptance was conducted among faculty and medical students. Results: 915 articles were analyzed, thereof 91 studies described in-vivo animal training models, predominantly for laparoscopy (30%) and microsurgery (24%). Cost-analysis revealed single-training costs between 307€ and 5,861€ depending on model and discipline. Survey results illustrated that 69% of the participants had no experience, but 66% would attend training under experienced supervision. Perceived public acceptance was rated intermediate by medical staff and students (4.26; 1–low, 10 high). Conclusion: Training in animals is well-established and was rated worth attending in a majority of a representative cohort to acquire key surgical skills, in light of reduced clinical exposure. Animal models may therefore supplement the training of tomorrow's surgeons to overcome limited hands-on experience until virtual simulations can provide such educational tools.
KW - animal model
KW - cost analysis
KW - surgical education
KW - surgical training
KW - survey
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U2 - 10.3389/fvets.2020.570852
DO - 10.3389/fvets.2020.570852
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85092615999
SN - 2297-1769
VL - 7
JO - Frontiers in Veterinary Science
JF - Frontiers in Veterinary Science
M1 - 570852
ER -