@article{a4b71c4984c24a52b54b34f3140579ad,
title = "Risk factors for mental disorder hospitalization after the Persian Gulf War: U.S. Armed Forces, June 1, 1991-September 30, 1993",
abstract = "Effects of Persian Gulf War (August 2, 1990-July 31, 1991) and Gulf War occupation on post-War hospitalization risk were evaluated through Cox proportional hazards modeling. Active-duty men (n = 1,775,236) and women (n = 209,760) in the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps had 30,539 initial postwar hospitalizations for mental disorders between June 1, 1991 and September 30, 1993. Principal diagnoses in the Defense Manpower Data Center hospitalization database were grouped into 10 categories of ICD-9-CM codes. Gulf War service was associated with significantly greater risk for acute reactions to stress and lower risk for personality disorders and adjustment reactions among men. Personnel who served in ground war support occupations (men and women) were at greater risk for postwar drug-related disorders. Men who served in ground war combat occupations were at higher risk for alcohol-related disorders. Longitudinal studies of health, hospitalization, and exposure beginning at recruitment, are needed to better understand how exposure to combat affects the mental health of military personnel. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.",
keywords = "Combat disorders, Hospitalization, Incidence studies, Medical records, Mental disorders, Persian Gulf syndrome",
author = "Dlugosz, {Larry J.} and Hocter, {William J.} and Kaiser, {Kevin S.} and Knoke, {James D.} and Heller, {Jack M.} and Hamid, {Nadia A.} and Reed, {Robert J.} and Kendler, {Kenneth S.} and Gray, {Gregory C.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was conducted in accordance with the Department of the Navy's Protection of Human Subjects Guidelines. This report, No. 97-44, was supported by the Naval Medical Research and Development Command Reimbursable Fund 6423. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. We thank the U.S. Army Medical Command, Patient Administration Systems & Biostatistics Activity, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, and the National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records Section, St. Louis, Missouri, for assistance in obtaining photocopies of hospital records, and the Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey Bay, California, for providing hospitalization and demographic data. We also thank Jacqueline Major, University of California at San Diego, for assistance in analyzing hospitalization data, Susan Hilton, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, for data acquisition assistance and manuscript editing contributions, Chris Blood, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego for suggestions regarding combat exposure assessment metrics, and J. Christopher Weir and Warren J. Wortman of the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland for combat exposure estimations. ",
year = "1999",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00131-6",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "52",
pages = "1267--1278",
journal = "Journal of Clinical Epidemiology",
issn = "0895-4356",
publisher = "Elsevier USA",
number = "12",
}