Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Not a honeymoon anymore

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a disorder of transition to extrauterine life, in which the newly born baby cannot decrease the high pulmonary vascular resistance and low pulmonary blood flow, characteristic of the fetus, to that of a low pulmonary vascular resistance and high pulmonary blood flow necessary for postnatal survival. The syndrome primarily affects the neonate 34 weeks postmenstrual age and greater. The article will summarize the latest understanding of the pathophysiology and review innovations in management strategies that have greatly decreased mortality and morbidity since the advent of neonatal intensive care units.