Outcomes, care utilization, and expenditures in adolescent pregnancy complicated by diabetes

Jaden R. Kohn, Suja S. Rajan, Jake A. Kushner, Karin A. Fox

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background and Objective: Adolescence and pregestational diabetes separately increase risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but little is known about their combined effect. To analyze pregnancy outcomes, healthcare utilization, and expenditures in adolescent pregnancies with and without pregestational diabetes using a national claims database. Methods: Retrospective study using Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, 2011 to 2015. Females 12 to 19 years old, continuously enrolled for at least 12 months before a livebirth until 2 months after, were included. Pregestational diabetes, diabetes complications (ketoacidosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy), comorbidities, and pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, preterm delivery, high birthweight, cesarean delivery) were identified using claims data algorithms. Healthcare utilization and payer expenditure were tabulated per enrollee. Multivariate logistic regressions assessed pregnancy outcomes; multivariate OLS regression assessed payer expenditures. Results: About 33 502 adolescents were included. Adolescents without diabetes had pregnancy outcomes consistent with national estimates. Adolescents with uncomplicated diabetes had increased odds of preeclampsia adjusted odds ratios 2.41 (95% confidence interval 1.93-3.02), preterm delivery 1.50 (1.21-1.87), high birthweight 1.84 (1.50-2.27), and cesarean delivery 1.81 (1.52-2.15). Diabetes with ketoacidosis and/or end-organ damage had higher odds of preeclampsia 5.62 (2.77-11.41), preterm delivery 5.81 (3.00-11.25), high birthweight 2.38 (1.08-5.24), and cesarean delivery 3.43 (1.78-6.64). Adolescents with diabetes utilized significantly more outpatient and inpatient care during pregnancy. Payer expenditures increased by 45.3% (34.8-55.9%) among adolescents with diabetes and by 82.6% (49.1-116.0%) among adolescents with diabetes complicated by ketoacidosis and/or end-organ damage. Conclusion: Compared with normal adolescent pregnancies, pregestational diabetes significantly increases risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes and significantly escalates healthcare utilization and cost.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)769-777
Number of pages9
JournalPediatric Diabetes
Volume20
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • adolescent
  • diabetes mellitus
  • pregnancy in adolescence
  • reproductive health

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine
  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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