TY - JOUR
T1 - Micronutrients status among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Southern India
AU - Sivasubramanian, Sangeetha
AU - Shenoy, Janardhan
AU - Kamath, Sowmini P.
AU - Kulkarni, Vaman
AU - Srinivasan, Mukund
AU - Shantharam Baliga, B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Termedia Publishing House Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Introduction: Deficiencies of micronutrients play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its severity. Identifying the micronutrient status would guide supplementation, thus altering the disease progression and severity. Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Southern India on hundred HIV-infected children. Estimation of serum micronutrient levels (zinc, copper, and iron) and comparison of the deficient micronutrients with clinical stages, immunological categories, CD4 counts, and nutritional status was performed. Results: Among 100 HIV-infected children, zinc deficiency was the most common (62%), whereas copper and iron deficiency was present in 2% and 1%, respectively. Mean age of children was 11.20 ± 3.14 years, 52% were girls, 24% were malnourished, 76% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and four had CD4 counts < 200/mm2 indicating AIDS. Using Kruskalwallis test, serum iron levels (p = 0.000) and CD4 levels (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with clinical stages, while serum zinc levels (p = 0.043) and CD4 levels (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with various degrees of immune classification. Mean micronutrient levels did not correlate significantly with CD4 counts less than and greater than 350 by unpaired t test. Zinc deficiency did not correlate with clinical staging, immunological classification, nutritional status, and receipt of ART on multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: In HIV-infected children, zinc deficiency was the most common and it did not correlate with clinical staging, immunological classification, nutritional status, and receipt of antiretroviral therapy. Hence, supplementation of zinc would be required along with initiation of ART.
AB - Introduction: Deficiencies of micronutrients play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its severity. Identifying the micronutrient status would guide supplementation, thus altering the disease progression and severity. Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Southern India on hundred HIV-infected children. Estimation of serum micronutrient levels (zinc, copper, and iron) and comparison of the deficient micronutrients with clinical stages, immunological categories, CD4 counts, and nutritional status was performed. Results: Among 100 HIV-infected children, zinc deficiency was the most common (62%), whereas copper and iron deficiency was present in 2% and 1%, respectively. Mean age of children was 11.20 ± 3.14 years, 52% were girls, 24% were malnourished, 76% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and four had CD4 counts < 200/mm2 indicating AIDS. Using Kruskalwallis test, serum iron levels (p = 0.000) and CD4 levels (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with clinical stages, while serum zinc levels (p = 0.043) and CD4 levels (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with various degrees of immune classification. Mean micronutrient levels did not correlate significantly with CD4 counts less than and greater than 350 by unpaired t test. Zinc deficiency did not correlate with clinical staging, immunological classification, nutritional status, and receipt of ART on multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: In HIV-infected children, zinc deficiency was the most common and it did not correlate with clinical staging, immunological classification, nutritional status, and receipt of antiretroviral therapy. Hence, supplementation of zinc would be required along with initiation of ART.
KW - Child
KW - Copper
KW - HIV infections
KW - Iron
KW - Micronutrients
KW - Zinc
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U2 - 10.5114/hivar.2020.93062
DO - 10.5114/hivar.2020.93062
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082932621
SN - 1730-1270
VL - 9
SP - 56
EP - 60
JO - HIV and AIDS Review
JF - HIV and AIDS Review
IS - 1
ER -