Longitudinal assessment of alkali injury on mouse cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Jonathan Luisi; Edward R. Kraft; Steven A. Giannos; Krishna Patel; Mary E. Schmitz-Brown; Valentina Reffatto; Kevin H. Merkley; Praveena K. Gupta

doi:10.1167/tvst.10.3.6

Longitudinal assessment of alkali injury on mouse cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Jonathan Luisi, Edward R. Kraft, Steven A. Giannos, Krishna Patel, Mary E. Schmitz-Brown, Valentina Reffatto, Kevin H. Merkley, Praveena K. Gupta

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Purpose: Chemical burns due to alkalis cause extensive damage to the ocular surface leading to blindness. Assessment of ocular burn could be challenging due to severe opacity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) may provide fast, non-invasive deep tissue visualization of pathology with high sensitivity in conjunction with slit-lamp analysis. Methods: C57-BL/6J mice were anesthetized with ketamine/dexmedetomidine, and corneal alkali burn was induced (n = 6) by placing filter paper soaked in 1-M sodium hydroxide for 30 seconds on the right eye while the left eye was kept as control. Longitudinal imaging was done with AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein angiography at various time intervals for 14 days. Results: AS-OCT showed characteristic pathological changes in alkali-burned eyes with high sensitivity. Although OCT/OCTA showed three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of the anterior chamber and angiogenesis, fluorescein angiography showed nascent vessels with active leakage. Corneal swelling progressively increased by 125.26% on day 12 with a high prevalence of epithelial bullae, stromal cysts, stromal splitting, and Descemet’s membrane detachment. Neovascularization was noted as early as day 4 in the burned eyes by both methods. Severe corneal opacity and anterior chamber inflammation were also detected by AS-OCT/OCTA. Conclusions: AS-OCT/OCTA is a promising, noninvasive, high-resolution imaging modality that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information regarding deep tissue pathology at a structural level. Translational Relevance: Noninvasive AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein methods show promise in clinical pathology evaluation for ocular injury management and prognostic indications, as the early presence of Descemet’s membrane detachment and corneal swelling appears to be correlated with the severity and localization of corneal neovascularization.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	6
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Number of pages	10
Journal	Translational Vision Science and Technology
Volume	10
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.3.6
State	Published - 2021

Keywords

Alkali burn
Anterior-segment OCT
Cornea opacity
Corneal neovascularization
Descemet’s membrane detachment
Epithelial bullae
Fluorescein angiography
OCT angiography
Ocular injury
Optical coherence tomography
Sodium hydroxide

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biomedical Engineering
Ophthalmology

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10.1167/tvst.10.3.6

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@article{e708106062104cf596a4404492394e20,

title = "Longitudinal assessment of alkali injury on mouse cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography",

abstract = "Purpose: Chemical burns due to alkalis cause extensive damage to the ocular surface leading to blindness. Assessment of ocular burn could be challenging due to severe opacity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) may provide fast, non-invasive deep tissue visualization of pathology with high sensitivity in conjunction with slit-lamp analysis. Methods: C57-BL/6J mice were anesthetized with ketamine/dexmedetomidine, and corneal alkali burn was induced (n = 6) by placing filter paper soaked in 1-M sodium hydroxide for 30 seconds on the right eye while the left eye was kept as control. Longitudinal imaging was done with AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein angiography at various time intervals for 14 days. Results: AS-OCT showed characteristic pathological changes in alkali-burned eyes with high sensitivity. Although OCT/OCTA showed three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of the anterior chamber and angiogenesis, fluorescein angiography showed nascent vessels with active leakage. Corneal swelling progressively increased by 125.26% on day 12 with a high prevalence of epithelial bullae, stromal cysts, stromal splitting, and Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane detachment. Neovascularization was noted as early as day 4 in the burned eyes by both methods. Severe corneal opacity and anterior chamber inflammation were also detected by AS-OCT/OCTA. Conclusions: AS-OCT/OCTA is a promising, noninvasive, high-resolution imaging modality that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information regarding deep tissue pathology at a structural level. Translational Relevance: Noninvasive AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein methods show promise in clinical pathology evaluation for ocular injury management and prognostic indications, as the early presence of Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane detachment and corneal swelling appears to be correlated with the severity and localization of corneal neovascularization.",

keywords = "Alkali burn, Anterior-segment OCT, Cornea opacity, Corneal neovascularization, Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane detachment, Epithelial bullae, Fluorescein angiography, OCT angiography, Ocular injury, Optical coherence tomography, Sodium hydroxide",

author = "Jonathan Luisi and Kraft, {Edward R.} and Giannos, {Steven A.} and Krishna Patel and Schmitz-Brown, {Mary E.} and Valentina Reffatto and Merkley, {Kevin H.} and Gupta, {Praveena K.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors.",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1167/tvst.10.3.6",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "10",

pages = "1--10",

journal = "Translational Vision Science and Technology",

issn = "2164-2591",

publisher = "Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.",

number = "3",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Longitudinal assessment of alkali injury on mouse cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

AU - Luisi, Jonathan

AU - Kraft, Edward R.

AU - Giannos, Steven A.

AU - Patel, Krishna

AU - Schmitz-Brown, Mary E.

AU - Reffatto, Valentina

AU - Merkley, Kevin H.

AU - Gupta, Praveena K.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Purpose: Chemical burns due to alkalis cause extensive damage to the ocular surface leading to blindness. Assessment of ocular burn could be challenging due to severe opacity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) may provide fast, non-invasive deep tissue visualization of pathology with high sensitivity in conjunction with slit-lamp analysis. Methods: C57-BL/6J mice were anesthetized with ketamine/dexmedetomidine, and corneal alkali burn was induced (n = 6) by placing filter paper soaked in 1-M sodium hydroxide for 30 seconds on the right eye while the left eye was kept as control. Longitudinal imaging was done with AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein angiography at various time intervals for 14 days. Results: AS-OCT showed characteristic pathological changes in alkali-burned eyes with high sensitivity. Although OCT/OCTA showed three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of the anterior chamber and angiogenesis, fluorescein angiography showed nascent vessels with active leakage. Corneal swelling progressively increased by 125.26% on day 12 with a high prevalence of epithelial bullae, stromal cysts, stromal splitting, and Descemet’s membrane detachment. Neovascularization was noted as early as day 4 in the burned eyes by both methods. Severe corneal opacity and anterior chamber inflammation were also detected by AS-OCT/OCTA. Conclusions: AS-OCT/OCTA is a promising, noninvasive, high-resolution imaging modality that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information regarding deep tissue pathology at a structural level. Translational Relevance: Noninvasive AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein methods show promise in clinical pathology evaluation for ocular injury management and prognostic indications, as the early presence of Descemet’s membrane detachment and corneal swelling appears to be correlated with the severity and localization of corneal neovascularization.

AB - Purpose: Chemical burns due to alkalis cause extensive damage to the ocular surface leading to blindness. Assessment of ocular burn could be challenging due to severe opacity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) may provide fast, non-invasive deep tissue visualization of pathology with high sensitivity in conjunction with slit-lamp analysis. Methods: C57-BL/6J mice were anesthetized with ketamine/dexmedetomidine, and corneal alkali burn was induced (n = 6) by placing filter paper soaked in 1-M sodium hydroxide for 30 seconds on the right eye while the left eye was kept as control. Longitudinal imaging was done with AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein angiography at various time intervals for 14 days. Results: AS-OCT showed characteristic pathological changes in alkali-burned eyes with high sensitivity. Although OCT/OCTA showed three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of the anterior chamber and angiogenesis, fluorescein angiography showed nascent vessels with active leakage. Corneal swelling progressively increased by 125.26% on day 12 with a high prevalence of epithelial bullae, stromal cysts, stromal splitting, and Descemet’s membrane detachment. Neovascularization was noted as early as day 4 in the burned eyes by both methods. Severe corneal opacity and anterior chamber inflammation were also detected by AS-OCT/OCTA. Conclusions: AS-OCT/OCTA is a promising, noninvasive, high-resolution imaging modality that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information regarding deep tissue pathology at a structural level. Translational Relevance: Noninvasive AS-OCT/OCTA and fluorescein methods show promise in clinical pathology evaluation for ocular injury management and prognostic indications, as the early presence of Descemet’s membrane detachment and corneal swelling appears to be correlated with the severity and localization of corneal neovascularization.

KW - Alkali burn

KW - Anterior-segment OCT

KW - Cornea opacity

KW - Corneal neovascularization

KW - Descemet’s membrane detachment

KW - Epithelial bullae

KW - Fluorescein angiography

KW - OCT angiography

KW - Ocular injury

KW - Optical coherence tomography

KW - Sodium hydroxide

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M3 - Article

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SN - 2164-2591

VL - 10

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JO - Translational Vision Science and Technology

JF - Translational Vision Science and Technology

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ER -

Longitudinal assessment of alkali injury on mouse cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

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