Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome in children with regulatory mutations in the inhibitory guanosine triphosphate-binding domain of glutamate dehydrogenase

Courtney Macmullen, Jie Fang, Betty Y.L. Hsu, Andrea Kelly, Pascale De Lonlay-Debeney, Jean Marie Saudubray, Arupa Ganguly, Thomas J. Smith, Charles A. Stanley, Rosalind Brown, Neil Buist, Majed Dasouki, Richard Fefferman, Dorothy Grange, Lefkothea Karaviti, Christina Luedke, Barbara Marriage, Judith McLaughlin, Kusiel Perlman, Margretta SeashoreGuy Van Vliet

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

130 Scopus citations

Abstract

The hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is a form of congenital hyperinsulinism in which affected children have recurrent symptomatic hypoglycemia together with asymptematic, persistent elevations of plasma ammonium levels. We have shown that the disorder is caused by dominant mutations of the mitochondrial enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), that impair sensitivity to the allosteric inhibitor, GTP. In 65 HI/HA probands screened for GDH mutations, we identified 19 (29%) who had mutations in a new domain, encoded by exons 6 and 7. Six new mutations were found: Ser217Cys, Arg221Cys, Arg265Thr, Tyr266Cys, Arg269Cys, and Arg269His. In all five mutations tested, lymphoblast GDH showed reduced sensitivity to allosteric inhibition by GTP (IC50, 60-250 vs. 20-50 nmol/L in normal subjects), consistent with a gain of enzyme function. Studies of ATP allosteric effects on GDH showed a triphasic response with a decrease in high affinity inhibition of enzyme activity in HI/HA lymphoblasts. All of the residues altered by exons 6 and 7 HI/HA mutations lie in the GTP-binding domain of the enzyme. These data confirm the importance of allosteric regulation of GDH as a control site for amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion and indicate that the GTP-binding site is essential for regulation of GDH activity by both GTP and ATP.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1782-1787
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume86
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 2001
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Biochemistry, medical

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome in children with regulatory mutations in the inhibitory guanosine triphosphate-binding domain of glutamate dehydrogenase'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this