TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic variation in yellow fever virus
T2 - Duplication in the 3' noncoding region of strains from Africa
AU - Wang, Eryu
AU - Weaver, Scott C.
AU - Shore, Robert E.
AU - Tesh, Robert B.
AU - Watts, Douglas M.
AU - Barrett, Alan D.T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by NIH Grant AI 10984, DOD Grants DAMD 17-94-J-4004 and RG262 61102 BS13, and a grant from the John Sealy Memorial Endowment Fund. We thank Haolin Ni for advice on the manuscript. The research proposal employing human subjects in this study has been reviewed and approved by the Naval Medical Research Institute’s Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects.
PY - 1996/11/15
Y1 - 1996/11/15
N2 - The nucleotide sequences of three regions of the genomes of 13 yellow fever (YF) virus isolates were determined to define genetic variation and evolution of the virus. Phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of either the 5' terminal 1320 nucleotides of the genome, 754 nucleotides from the NS4A and NS4B genes, or the 3' terminal 511 nucleotides were very similar and contained minor differences. Overall, these results suggested that there were at least four major genotypes of YF virus, including one in Central/East Africa, one in West Africa, and two in South America. Examination of the 3' noncoding region (3'NCR) showed that only West African strains had a 3'NCR of 511 nucleotides while strains from Central/East Africa and South America had shorter 3'NCRs (443-469 nucleotides) due to the absence of YF specific repeat sequences (RYFs). Central/East African strains have two RYFs and West African strains have three RYFs while South American strains only have one copy of the RYF. It is speculated that duplication of the RYF took place in West Africa subsequent to the presumed introduction of YF virus into South America. Thus, both tick-borne (Mandl et al., J. Virol. 65, 4070-4077, 1991 and Wallner et al., Virology 213, 169-178, 1995) and mosquito-borne flaviviruses have variable 3'NCRs.
AB - The nucleotide sequences of three regions of the genomes of 13 yellow fever (YF) virus isolates were determined to define genetic variation and evolution of the virus. Phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of either the 5' terminal 1320 nucleotides of the genome, 754 nucleotides from the NS4A and NS4B genes, or the 3' terminal 511 nucleotides were very similar and contained minor differences. Overall, these results suggested that there were at least four major genotypes of YF virus, including one in Central/East Africa, one in West Africa, and two in South America. Examination of the 3' noncoding region (3'NCR) showed that only West African strains had a 3'NCR of 511 nucleotides while strains from Central/East Africa and South America had shorter 3'NCRs (443-469 nucleotides) due to the absence of YF specific repeat sequences (RYFs). Central/East African strains have two RYFs and West African strains have three RYFs while South American strains only have one copy of the RYF. It is speculated that duplication of the RYF took place in West Africa subsequent to the presumed introduction of YF virus into South America. Thus, both tick-borne (Mandl et al., J. Virol. 65, 4070-4077, 1991 and Wallner et al., Virology 213, 169-178, 1995) and mosquito-borne flaviviruses have variable 3'NCRs.
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U2 - 10.1006/viro.1996.0601
DO - 10.1006/viro.1996.0601
M3 - Article
C2 - 8918913
AN - SCOPUS:0030589006
SN - 0042-6822
VL - 225
SP - 274
EP - 281
JO - Virology
JF - Virology
IS - 2
ER -