Fungal infections of the chest in infants and children

Although fungal infections of the thorax are often asymptomatic in children, fungi are capable of producing significant pulmonary and mediastinal disease in this population. Young infants and immunocompromised children are at increased risk for fungal infections and often develop disseminated disease. Pulmonary fungal infections present with a wide variety of findings, many of which are nonspecific. The article reviews the clinical and imaging characteristics of the more important fungal diseases that affect the thorax of infants and children.