TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolutionary and ecological factors underlying the tempo and distribution of yellow fever virus activity
AU - Carrington, Christine V.F.
AU - Auguste, Albert J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Shelley Cook for providing the Bayesian phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus . A.J.A. is supported by the Robert E. Shope International Fellowship in Infectious Diseases from the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. We are also grateful to an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments.
PY - 2013/1
Y1 - 2013/1
N2 - Yellow fever virus (YFV) is historically one of the most important viruses to affect human populations. Despite the existence of highly effective vaccines for over 70. years, yellow fever remains a significant and re-emerging cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic and high-risk regions of South America and Africa. The virus may be maintained in sylvatic enzootic/epizootic, transitional and urban epidemic transmission cycles with geographic variation in terms of levels of genetic diversity, the nature of transmission cycles and patterns of outbreak activity. In this review we consider evolutionary and ecological factors underlying YFV emergence, maintenance and spread, geographic distribution and patterns of epizootic/epidemic activity.
AB - Yellow fever virus (YFV) is historically one of the most important viruses to affect human populations. Despite the existence of highly effective vaccines for over 70. years, yellow fever remains a significant and re-emerging cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic and high-risk regions of South America and Africa. The virus may be maintained in sylvatic enzootic/epizootic, transitional and urban epidemic transmission cycles with geographic variation in terms of levels of genetic diversity, the nature of transmission cycles and patterns of outbreak activity. In this review we consider evolutionary and ecological factors underlying YFV emergence, maintenance and spread, geographic distribution and patterns of epizootic/epidemic activity.
KW - Evolution
KW - Geographic distribution
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Phylogeography
KW - Yellow fever virus
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U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.08.015
DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.08.015
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22981999
AN - SCOPUS:84870544711
SN - 1567-1348
VL - 13
SP - 198
EP - 210
JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
IS - 1
ER -