TY - JOUR
T1 - Emergence and potential for spread of Chikungunya virus in Brazil
AU - Nunes, Marcio Roberto Teixeira
AU - Faria, Nuno Rodrigues
AU - de Vasconcelos, Janaina Mota
AU - Golding, Nick
AU - Kraemer, Moritz U.G.
AU - de Oliveira, Layanna Freitas
AU - da Silva Azevedo, Raimunda do Socorro
AU - da Silva, Daisy Elaine Andrade
AU - da Silva, Eliana Vieira Pinto
AU - da Silva, Sandro Patroca
AU - Carvalho, Valéria Lima
AU - Coelho, Giovanini Evelim
AU - Cruz, Ana Cecília Ribeiro
AU - Rodrigues, Sueli Guerreiro
AU - da Silva Gonçalves Vianez, Joao Lídio
AU - Nunes, Bruno Tardelli Diniz
AU - Cardoso, Jedson Ferreira
AU - Tesh, Robert B.
AU - Hay, Simon I.
AU - Pybus, Oliver G.
AU - da Costa Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Nunes et al.; licensee BioMed Central.
PY - 2015/4/30
Y1 - 2015/4/30
N2 - Background: In December 2013, an outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused by the Asian genotype was notified in the Caribbean. The outbreak has since spread to 38 regions in the Americas. By September 2014, the first autochthonous CHIKV infections were confirmed in Oiapoque, North Brazil, and in Feira de Santana, Northeast Brazil. Methods: We compiled epidemiological and clinical data on suspected CHIKV cases in Brazil and polymerase-chain-reaction-based diagnostic was conducted on 68 serum samples from patients with symptom onset between April and September 2014. Two imported and four autochthonous cases were selected for virus propagation, RNA isolation, full-length genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. We then followed CDC/PAHO guidelines to estimate the risk of establishment of CHIKV in Brazilian municipalities. Results: We detected 41 CHIKV importations and 27 autochthonous cases in Brazil. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses indicated local transmission of the Asian CHIKV genotype in Oiapoque. Unexpectedly, we also discovered that the ECSA genotype is circulating in Feira de Santana. The presumed index case of the ECSA genotype was an individual who had recently returned from Angola and developed symptoms in Feira de Santana. We estimate that, if CHIKV becomes established in Brazil, transmission could occur in 94% of municipalities in the country and provide maps of the risk of importation of each strain of CHIKV in Brazil. Conclusions: The etiological strains associated with the early-phase CHIKV outbreaks in Brazil belong to the Asian and ECSA genotypes. Continued surveillance and vector mitigation strategies are needed to reduce the future public health impact of CHIKV in the Americas.
AB - Background: In December 2013, an outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused by the Asian genotype was notified in the Caribbean. The outbreak has since spread to 38 regions in the Americas. By September 2014, the first autochthonous CHIKV infections were confirmed in Oiapoque, North Brazil, and in Feira de Santana, Northeast Brazil. Methods: We compiled epidemiological and clinical data on suspected CHIKV cases in Brazil and polymerase-chain-reaction-based diagnostic was conducted on 68 serum samples from patients with symptom onset between April and September 2014. Two imported and four autochthonous cases were selected for virus propagation, RNA isolation, full-length genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. We then followed CDC/PAHO guidelines to estimate the risk of establishment of CHIKV in Brazilian municipalities. Results: We detected 41 CHIKV importations and 27 autochthonous cases in Brazil. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses indicated local transmission of the Asian CHIKV genotype in Oiapoque. Unexpectedly, we also discovered that the ECSA genotype is circulating in Feira de Santana. The presumed index case of the ECSA genotype was an individual who had recently returned from Angola and developed symptoms in Feira de Santana. We estimate that, if CHIKV becomes established in Brazil, transmission could occur in 94% of municipalities in the country and provide maps of the risk of importation of each strain of CHIKV in Brazil. Conclusions: The etiological strains associated with the early-phase CHIKV outbreaks in Brazil belong to the Asian and ECSA genotypes. Continued surveillance and vector mitigation strategies are needed to reduce the future public health impact of CHIKV in the Americas.
KW - Chikungunya virus
KW - National surveillance
KW - Public health
KW - Spatial prediction
KW - Statistical methods
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U2 - 10.1186/s12916-015-0348-x
DO - 10.1186/s12916-015-0348-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 25976325
AN - SCOPUS:84930198888
SN - 1741-7015
VL - 13
JO - BMC Medicine
JF - BMC Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 102
ER -