Diffuse Chorangiomatosis as a Cause of Cardiomegaly, Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in a Newborn

Introduction: The hallmark of diffuse chorangiomatosis is capillary dysvasculogenesis, diffusely involving the placenta. It can cause massive placental enlargement and may have adverse fetal effects. Case report: A 32 weeks gestation male infant was born via cesarean section and had a placenta weighing 900 g. There was diffuse vascular proliferation involving the stem villi and intermediate villi. Short Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis of the placenta showed no biparental mosaicism or loss of heterozygosity, ruling out placental mesenchymal dysplasia. The infant also had cardiomegaly, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia which spontaneously improved over time. Conclusion: Diffuse chorangiomatosis can be associated with hemolysis, thrombocytopenia and cardiomegaly in the newborn. However, once delivered, these findings can spontaneously resolve over time.