Dietary Management of Glycemic Control in Older Adults

Older adults are increasingly at risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, which may lead to further morbidity and mortality. Nutrition and other lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce the likelihood of developing hyperglycemia. Research in older adults is ongoing to determine the best way to help this population maintain or improve glycemic control. This review highlights recent nutrition-related literature evaluating associations between the development of type 2 diabetes and vitamin D, minerals, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, eggs, and meats. Further, the review addresses the efficacy of intensive and once-annual lifestyle interventions for blood glucose management in nondiabetic older adults. Recently published work generally reinforces prior research and altogether indicates that older adults with prediabetes should strive to consume low-cholesterol protein choices and high-antioxidant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, tea, and coffee). Further, older adults with prediabetes and a BMI ≥ 25 should consume a lower-energy diet sufficient to promote a 7 % weight loss and complete at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity each week.