Abstract
Hendra virus and Nipah virus (NiV), members of the Henipavirus (HNV) genus, are zoonotic paramyxoviruses known to cause severe disease across six mammalian orders, including humans. We isolated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the B cells of an individual with prior exposure to equine Hendra virus (HeV) vaccine, targeting distinct antigenic sites. The most potent class of cross-reactive antibodies achieves neutralization by blocking viral attachment to the host cell receptors ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3, with a second class being enhanced by receptor binding. mAbs from both classes display synergistic activity in vitro. In a stringent hamster model of NiV Bangladesh (NiVB) infection, antibodies from both classes reduce morbidity and mortality and achieve synergistic protection in combination. These candidate mAbs might be suitable for use in a cocktail therapeutic approach to achieve synergistic potency and reduce the risk of virus escape.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 109628 |
Journal | Cell Reports |
Volume | 36 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 31 2021 |
Keywords
- B lymphocytes
- Hendra virus
- Nipah virus
- antigen-antibody reactions
- epitopes
- henipavirus infections
- monoclonal antibodies
- therapy
- viral antibodies
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology