Association of gender with morbidity and mortality after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. A propensity score matched analysis

Introduction: There is conflicting evidence about the impact of gender on outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: We performed a multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matched analyses in 13,115 patients (75% men) who underwent CABG between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2009. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included post-operative respiratory failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, sternal and leg wound infections, atrial fibrillation (AF), renal failure, need for postoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support, and length of hospital stay. Results: A higher proportion of women (184; 5.6%) suffered in-hospital death compared to men (264; 2.7%), p < 0.0001. After propensity score matching (n = 3600 total, 1800 in each group), female gender was an independent predictor of mortality after isolated CABG (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-2.78). Women also experienced a higher incidence of postoperative complications including stroke (3.8% vs. 2.3%, OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.08-1.73) and leg wound infection (3.4% vs. 1.7%, OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.36-2.54) on multivariate regression analyses. However, these differences were not significant after propensity score matching. We also observed a lower risk of post-operative AF (21.2% vs. 22.1%, OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.70-0.86) in women that remained significant after propensity matching (O.R. 0.76; 95% C.I. 0.65-0.90). Length of hospital stay was longer in women compared with men (11.9 ± 9.0 vs. 10.4 ± 9.2 days, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Female gender is an independent predictor of increased mortality and a lower incidence of post-operative AF after isolated CABG.