TY - JOUR
T1 - ACP5 (Uteroferrin)
T2 - Phylogeny of an ancient and conserved gene expressed in the endometrium of mammals
AU - Padua, Maria B.
AU - Lynch, Vincent J.
AU - Alvarez, Natalia V.
AU - Garthwaite, Mark A.
AU - Golos, Thaddeus G.
AU - Bazer, Fuller W.
AU - Kalkunte, Satyan
AU - Sharma, Surendra
AU - Wagner, Gunter P.
AU - Hansen, Peter J.
PY - 2012/4/1
Y1 - 2012/4/1
N2 - Type 5 acid phosphatase (ACP5;also known as tartrateresistant acid phosphatase or uteroferrin) is a metalloprotein secreted by the endometrial glandular epithelium of pigs, mares, sheep, and water buffalo. In this paper, we describe the phylogenetic distribution of endometrial expression of ACP5 and demonstrate that endometrial expression arose early in evolution (i.e., before divergence of prototherian and therian mammals ;166 million years ago). To determine expression of ACP5 in the pregnant endometrium, RNA was isolated from rhesus, mouse, rat, dog, sheep, cow, horse, armadillo, opossum, and duck-billed platypus. Results from RT-PCR and RNA-Seq experiments confirmed that ACP5 is expressed in all species examined. ACP5 was also demonstrated immunochemically in endometrium of rhesus, marmoset, sheep, cow, goat, and opossum. Alignment of inferred amino acid sequences shows a high conservation of ACP5 throughout speciation, with speciesspecific differences most extensive in the N-terminal and Cterminal regions of the protein. Analysis by Selecton indicated that most of the sites in ACP5 are undergoing purifying selection, and no sites undergoing positive selection were found. In conclusion, endometrial expression of ACP5 is a common feature in all orders of mammals and has been subjected to purifying selection. Expression of ACP5 in the uterus predates the divergence of therians and prototherians. ACP5 is an evolutionary conserved gene that likely exerts a common function important for pregnancy in mammals using a wide range of reproductive strategies.
AB - Type 5 acid phosphatase (ACP5;also known as tartrateresistant acid phosphatase or uteroferrin) is a metalloprotein secreted by the endometrial glandular epithelium of pigs, mares, sheep, and water buffalo. In this paper, we describe the phylogenetic distribution of endometrial expression of ACP5 and demonstrate that endometrial expression arose early in evolution (i.e., before divergence of prototherian and therian mammals ;166 million years ago). To determine expression of ACP5 in the pregnant endometrium, RNA was isolated from rhesus, mouse, rat, dog, sheep, cow, horse, armadillo, opossum, and duck-billed platypus. Results from RT-PCR and RNA-Seq experiments confirmed that ACP5 is expressed in all species examined. ACP5 was also demonstrated immunochemically in endometrium of rhesus, marmoset, sheep, cow, goat, and opossum. Alignment of inferred amino acid sequences shows a high conservation of ACP5 throughout speciation, with speciesspecific differences most extensive in the N-terminal and Cterminal regions of the protein. Analysis by Selecton indicated that most of the sites in ACP5 are undergoing purifying selection, and no sites undergoing positive selection were found. In conclusion, endometrial expression of ACP5 is a common feature in all orders of mammals and has been subjected to purifying selection. Expression of ACP5 in the uterus predates the divergence of therians and prototherians. ACP5 is an evolutionary conserved gene that likely exerts a common function important for pregnancy in mammals using a wide range of reproductive strategies.
KW - ACP5
KW - Evolution
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Uterus
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U2 - 10.1095/biolreprod.111.097964
DO - 10.1095/biolreprod.111.097964
M3 - Article
C2 - 22278982
AN - SCOPUS:84863991410
SN - 0006-3363
VL - 86
JO - Biology of reproduction
JF - Biology of reproduction
IS - 4
M1 - 123
ER -