TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of the toxicology of oil in vertebrates
T2 - what we have learned following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
AU - Takeshita, Ryan
AU - Bursian, Steven J.
AU - Colegrove, Kathleen M.
AU - Collier, Tracy K.
AU - Deak, Kristina
AU - Dean, Karen M.
AU - De Guise, Sylvain
AU - DiPinto, Lisa M.
AU - Elferink, Cornelis J.
AU - Esbaugh, Andrew J.
AU - Griffitt, Robert J.
AU - Grosell, Martin
AU - Harr, Kendal E.
AU - Incardona, John P.
AU - Kwok, Richard K.
AU - Lipton, Joshua
AU - Mitchelmore, Carys L.
AU - Morris, Jeffrey M.
AU - Peters, Edward S.
AU - Roberts, Aaron P.
AU - Rowles, Teresa K.
AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A.
AU - Schwacke, Lori H.
AU - Smith, Cynthia R.
AU - Wetzel, Dana L.
AU - Ziccardi, Michael H.
AU - Hall, Ailsa J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a number of government agencies, academic institutions, consultants, and nonprofit organizations conducted lab- and field-based research to understand the toxic effects of the oil. Lab testing was performed with a variety of fish, birds, turtles, and vertebrate cell lines (as well as invertebrates); field biologists conducted observations on fish, birds, turtles, and marine mammals; and epidemiologists carried out observational studies in humans. Eight years after the spill, scientists and resource managers held a workshop to summarize the similarities and differences in the effects of DWH oil on vertebrate taxa and to identify remaining gaps in our understanding of oil toxicity in wildlife and humans, building upon the cross-taxonomic synthesis initiated during the Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Across the studies, consistency was found in the types of toxic response observed in the different organisms. Impairment of stress responses and adrenal gland function, cardiotoxicity, immune system dysfunction, disruption of blood cells and their function, effects on locomotion, and oxidative damage were observed across taxa. This consistency suggests conservation in the mechanisms of action and disease pathogenesis. From a toxicological perspective, a logical progression of impacts was noted: from molecular and cellular effects that manifest as organ dysfunction, to systemic effects that compromise fitness, growth, reproductive potential, and survival. From a clinical perspective, adverse health effects from DWH oil spill exposure formed a suite of signs/symptomatic responses that at the highest doses/concentrations resulted in multi-organ system failure.
AB - In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a number of government agencies, academic institutions, consultants, and nonprofit organizations conducted lab- and field-based research to understand the toxic effects of the oil. Lab testing was performed with a variety of fish, birds, turtles, and vertebrate cell lines (as well as invertebrates); field biologists conducted observations on fish, birds, turtles, and marine mammals; and epidemiologists carried out observational studies in humans. Eight years after the spill, scientists and resource managers held a workshop to summarize the similarities and differences in the effects of DWH oil on vertebrate taxa and to identify remaining gaps in our understanding of oil toxicity in wildlife and humans, building upon the cross-taxonomic synthesis initiated during the Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Across the studies, consistency was found in the types of toxic response observed in the different organisms. Impairment of stress responses and adrenal gland function, cardiotoxicity, immune system dysfunction, disruption of blood cells and their function, effects on locomotion, and oxidative damage were observed across taxa. This consistency suggests conservation in the mechanisms of action and disease pathogenesis. From a toxicological perspective, a logical progression of impacts was noted: from molecular and cellular effects that manifest as organ dysfunction, to systemic effects that compromise fitness, growth, reproductive potential, and survival. From a clinical perspective, adverse health effects from DWH oil spill exposure formed a suite of signs/symptomatic responses that at the highest doses/concentrations resulted in multi-organ system failure.
KW - Deepwater Horizon oil spill
KW - Gulf of Mexico
KW - Oil toxicity
KW - birds
KW - fish
KW - human health
KW - marine mammals
KW - sea turtles
KW - wildlife toxicology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115256967&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85115256967&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10937404.2021.1975182
DO - 10.1080/10937404.2021.1975182
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34542016
AN - SCOPUS:85115256967
SN - 1093-7404
VL - 24
SP - 355
EP - 394
JO - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews
JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews
IS - 8
ER -