A mannose family phosphotransferase system permease and associated enzymes are required for utilization of fructoselysine and glucoselysine in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium

Katherine A. Miller, Robert S. Phillips, Paul B. Kilgore, Grady L. Smith, Timothy R. Hoover

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium, a major cause of food-borne illness, is capable of using a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. Fructoselysine and glucoselysine are Maillard reaction products formed by the reaction of glucose or fructose, respectively, with the ε-amine group of lysine. We report here that S. Typhimurium utilizes fructoselysine and glucoselysine as carbon and nitrogen sources via a mannose family phosphotransferase (PTS) encoded by gfrABCD (glucoselysine/fructoselysine PTS components EIIA, EIIB, EIIC, and EIID; locus numbers STM14_5449 to STM14_5454 in S. Typhimurium 14028s). Genes coding for two predicted deglycases within the gfr operon, gfrE and gfrF, were required for growth with glucoselysine and fructoselysine, respectively. GfrF demonstrated fructoselysine-6-phosphate deglycase activity in a coupled enzyme assay. The biochemical and genetic analyses were consistent with a pathway in which fructoselysine and glucoselysine are phosphorylated at the C-6 position of the sugar by the GfrABCD PTS as they are transported across the membrane. The resulting fructoselysine-6-phosphate and glucoselysine-6-phosphate subsequently are cleaved by GfrF and GfrE to form lysine and glucose-6-phosphate or fructose-6-phosphate. Interestingly, although S. Typhimurium can use lysine derived from fructoselysine or glucoselysine as a sole nitrogen source, it cannot use exogenous lysine as a nitrogen source to support growth. Expression of gfrABCDEF was dependent on the alternative sigma factor RpoN (σ54) and an RpoN-dependent LevR-like activator, which we designated GfrR.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2831-2839
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of bacteriology
Volume197
Issue number17
DOIs
StatePublished - 2015
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

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